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Causes of pulmonology symptoms and respiratory distress
Respiratory infections are split into two categories. An infection of the throat or sinuses is called an upper respiratory infection and includes things like common colds, sinusitis and tonsilitis. Infections of the airways or lungs are called lower respiratory infections and include things like bronchitis, chest infections and pneumonia. Many will respiratory infections improve on their own, but always see a doctor if you are concerned about the symptoms.
Respiratory infections are either caused by a virus or bacteria. Most are caught by someone spreading the virus or bacteria on to you. However, other factors may increase your risk, including:
COPD occurs when the lungs have become damaged, inflamed and narrowed. It is usually caused by prolonged exposure to harmful substances such as cigarette smoke. Long term exposure to fumes, dust and air pollution are also thought to cause COPD. There is also a genetic link, and you are more at risk if you have a close relative with the condition and you smoke.
Chronic Bronchitis is a type of COPD which is characterized by long-term inflammation of the bronchi (breathing tubes) which causes excess mucus production. Emphysema is another COPD condition. It causes a shortness of breath as the alveoli (air sacs in the lungs) have been damaged, meaning not enough oxygen reaches the blood. The main causes of chronic bronchitis and emphysema are smoking.
Respiratory allergies, such as allergic rhinitis or hay fever, can cause symptoms like sneezing, nasal congestion, and wheezing.
Asthma is a condition which causes chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to constriction of the bronchiole and increased mucus production. Allergic asthma is caused by allergens, including dust, pet hair, and mold, which cause the release of antibodies. These antibodies lead to irritation or swelling in the airway, causing asthma symptoms. Non-allergic asthma is caused by irritants such as smoke, viruses or chemicals.
ILDs are a group of diseases that cause scarring on the lungs. The scarring is irreversible and leads to stiffness in the lungs, making breathing difficult and not enough oxygen can enter the blood. ILDs can be triggered by a number of things, including taking certain medications, being exposed to certain airborne chemicals, or receiving some types of medical treatment such as radiation or chemotherapy. Smoking, age and other medical conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, may also increase the risk of ILDs. Usually, the cause of an ILD is unknown.
Smoking is the biggest risk factor for lung cancer. Secondhand smoke, chemicals and pollution can also increase the risk.
This is an elevated blood pressure within the pulmonary arteries, which puts a strain on the heart. There are five main types of pulmonary hypertension, all caused by different things.
If you have any signs or symptoms of a respiratory condition, or you think you might be at an increased risk of developing one, talk to our specialist pulmonologists in Dubai today.